This paper explores the need for thoughtful consideration of ethics, ethical decision-making and ethical dilemmas in psychiatric nursing practice. Current realities in the field often create complex situations that can challenge the nurse’s beliefs, values, emotions and actions - and ultimately compromise the quality of care delivered to the patient. Additionally, psychiatric nurses must be advocates for patients and engage in community and mental health advocacy activities that reflect both personal and professional commitments to the vulnerable population for whom they care.

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The nurses play the vital role in performing pre, intra and post treatment care, providing education and support to the patient and their family members. Nurses need to have a comprehensive knowledge and skill to carry on with this role. The students are taught these care through different teaching methods. Present study was conducted with the aim to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching module on nursing care of electroconvulsive therapy for the GNM students. A quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 64 GNM nursing students; 32 in each experimental and control group. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The structured teaching module was administered to the experimental group and the control group had received the usual exposure teaching in the hospital. There was a significant positive change in knowledge score (‘t’=15.892, p=0.00) followed by the structured teaching module in the experimental group. There was no significant change in knowledge score of control group (‘t’=1.625,p=0.275) followed by the usual exposure teaching. The result also showed that the experimental group had higher skill in providing care for patients undergoing ECT than the control group. The results revealed that the structured teaching module was effective to improve the knowledge and skill of the student nurses. The structured module can also be used as the guide line to provide nursing care for ECT and also to teach the student nurses.

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Habit is acquired through repetition in thinking and acting in the same way a number of times which makes the thought and action a part of the habit. A descriptive research design was adopted to assess the level of knowledge among mother’s of preschool children regarding habit formation and its impact on personality development. Sixty mothers where selected by convenient sampling method. The finding shows that the knowledge of mothers of preschool children were divided as adequate, moderate & inadequate among which 1 (1.67%) mothers had adequate knowledge, 49 (81.67%) mothers has moderate knowledge and 10 (16.67%) had inadequate knowledge. The study revealed that most of the mothers had moderate level of knowledge regarding habit formation and its impact on personality development.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct disorder (CD) is the most common psychiatric problem diagnosed among children. Present study is undertaken as a cross sectional study of children with ADHD and conduct disorder to identify their adjustment pattern using Bell’s adjustment inventory. One hundred and fifty children aged between 10 and 19 years were selected from Delhi state by purposive sampling method. The results revealed that majority of the children with ADHD and CD reported unsatisfactory adjustment. Children with conduct disorder had low level of adjustment as compared to children with ADHD. Both male and female children had similar level of problems in adjustment level. Children with ADHD and CD suffer from gross problems in adjustment which needs special attention.

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Delirium is well known problem in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. Delirium, an acute and fluctuating disturbance of consciousness and cognition, is a common manifestation of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients. This study was to determine the prevalence and find the relationship between the ICU delirium & clinical parameters. 31 mechanically ventilated patients who had stayed in the ICU for more than 48 hours were closely observed during their stay. The patients were interviewed after screening for consciousness on the 4th day at ICU/ general wards. Confusion assessment method (CAM) was used to assess delirium. Socio-demographic data, clinical information were collected as a part of observation study. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics is applied to describe the results. Study results revealed that 16.1% patients developed delirium during their hospital stay. Critically ill patients have numerous risk factors for delirium development. Prevalence of ICU delirium is varying and health care professionals should be alert about early signs of development of delirium.

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The study was aimed to assess the level of depression among post stroke patients attending neurology OPD SVIMS, Tirupathi. A cross sectional descriptive design was adopted and 170 post stroke patients after 3 months onset of acute stroke was selected by non-probability sampling technique and screened for cognitive deficits by Folstein mini mental status examination and post stroke patients who scored more than and equal to 19 were screened for level of depression by 17 - item Hamilton depression rating scale. The study results showed among 170 patients with a mean age of 54.84 + 10.9 years, 32.9% (56) of post stroke patients were having very severe depression, 27.1% (46) have moderate depression, 24.1% (41) have mild depression, 11.8% (20) have severe depression, 4.1%(7) patients are without any depressive symptoms. The association of demographic variables with level of depression showed educational status(r=-0.64), occupational status(r=-0.416), family income (r=-0.289), care giver health status(r =-0.176) were negatively correlated with level of depression at p< 0.01 level. Place of residence (r = 0.299) were positively correlated at p< 0.01, source of family income (r=0.153) were positively correlated p<0.05 level, care giver suffering with illness (r=-1.69) were negatively correlated at p<0.05 level.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage which can result from closed head injury or a penetrating head injury, parts of the brain that can be damaged include cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem, symptoms of TBI can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the injury to the brain, outcome can be from complete recovery to the disability or death. This study was conducted to assess the level of coping on care givers of critically ill traumatic brain injury patients hospitalized in critical care units at NIMHANS. Descriptive research design was used for the study A total of 100 subjects were selected using simple random sampling method. Socio-demographic data schedule and coping style questionnaire (Derek rogers1993) was used to collect the information for a period of 3 months. The results showed that the coping mean score was 66.58 ± 7.625 indicating a statistically significant association between sex and occupation

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Families of patients with schizophrenia face many challenges such as fear and embarrassment about illness, uncertainty about course of the disease, lack of social support, and stigma. A high functioning family helps in maintaining the dimensions of communication, emotional and behavioral control, and also helps in problem solving and coping behaviors of its members. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family intervention package on family functioning of caregivers of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Quasi experimental non equivalent control group design was used for 52 patient caregiver dyads in experimental and 50 patient caregiver dyads in control group recruited from selected hospitals in Trivandrum by consecutive sampling. Family intervention package comprised of 3 sessions that were 45 min in length with an additional 15 min discussion/question time. Results revealed that there was significant (p<0.01) improvement in family functioning in experimental group after intervention compared to control group. Family intervention should be a routine activity of the hospital where nurses have to take up significant responsibilities.

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The stressful life of women is gaining more attention and has come into limelight as a prominent cause of dementia. Dementia is a concern for many women. The women in menopausal transition also seem to be most fearful of developing breast cancer, closely followed by Alzheimer’s dementia. Dementia is one of the leading problem faced by the people worldwide now a days and a matter of worry too. Understanding Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important, and many cases may progress to dementia, though some may revert to normal cognition. Very few studies on MCI have been carried out in India. The prevalence is estimated to reach 3.6 million by 2020 and 7.5 million by 2040 in this region. The main study was conducted on 200 subjects. The statistical paired ‘t’ test implies that the difference in the pre test and post test mean MMSE score in experimental group found to be statistically significant at 5% level (p<0.05) with paired ‘t’ value of 38.96, there exists a statistical significance in the post MMSE score revealed a positive impact of structured cognitive stimulation. Altogether the results expounded that there is an enhancement of scores in MMSE indicating the effectiveness of structured cognitive stimulation.

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